Xa kuziwa ekusetyenzisweni kwakhonaiiphaneli zelanga, ubunyani buntsokothile kunokuba bahlukane kwaye baphinde basebenzise iinxalenye zabo.Iinkqubo zokurisayikilishwa ngoku zisebenza ngokungasebenziyo, singasathethi ke, iindleko zokubuyiswa kwezinto ziphezulu kakhulu.Kweli nqanaba lexabiso, kuyaqondakala ukuba ungathanda ukuthenga iphaneli entsha ngokupheleleyo.Kodwa kukho inkuthazo yokwandisa i-solar panel recycling-ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokukhutshwa kwemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokugcina inkunkuma ye-e-ityhefu ngaphandle kokulahla inkunkuma.Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yelanga, ukusetyenzwa kwepaneli yelanga ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kube yinxalenye yentengiso yelanga.
Zenziwe ngantoni iiphaneli zelanga?
Iiphaneli zelanga ezisekelwe kwi-siliconNgaba iiphaneli zesola zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe?Impendulo ixhomekeke ekubeni zenziwe ngantoni iiphaneli zakho zelanga.Ukwenza oku, kufuneka wazi okuthile malunga neentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeepaneli zelanga.I-Silicon yeyona semiconductor isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iiseli zelanga.Ibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-95% yeemodyuli ezithengiswayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye yinto yesibini eninzi kakhulu efunyenwe eMhlabeni, ilandelwa yi-oxygen.Iiseli ze-silicon zecrystalline zenziwe ngeeathom ze-silicon ezidityaniswe kwilathisi yekristale.Le lathisi inika isakhiwo esilungelelanisiweyo esivumela amandla okukhanya ukuba aguqulwe abe ngamandla ombane ngokufanelekileyo.Iiseli zelanga ezenziwe kwi-silicon zinika ukudibanisa kweendleko eziphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi obude, njengoko iimodyuli zilindeleke ukuba zihlale iminyaka eyi-25 okanye ngaphezulu, zivelise ngaphezu kwe-80% yamandla okuqala.Ifilimu eNcinci iiPaneli zeSolar Iiseli zelanga zefilimu ezibhityileyo zenziwe ngokufaka umaleko obhityileyo wemathiriyeli yePV kwizinto ezixhasayo njengeplastiki, iglasi okanye isinyithi.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zefilimu encinci ye-photovoltaic semiconductors: i-copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) kunye ne-cadmium telluride (CdTe).Zonke zinokufakwa ngqo ngaphambili okanye ngasemva kumphezulu wemodyuli.I-CdTe yenzeka ukuba yinto yesibini eqhelekileyo ye-photovoltaic emva kwe-silicon, kwaye iiseli zayo zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuvelisa eziphantsi.Ukubanjiswa kukuba azisebenzi njengesilicon elungileyo.Ngokumalunga neeseli ze-CIGS, zineepropati ezilungileyo kakhulu zezinto ze-PV ezinomsebenzi ophezulu kwibhubhoratri, kodwa ubunzima bokudibanisa izinto ezi-4 zenza ukuba utshintsho olusuka kwibhubhoratri ukuya kwinqanaba lokuvelisa lunzima kakhulu.Zombini i-CdTe kunye ne-CIGS zifuna ukukhuselwa ngakumbi kune-silicon ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala ixesha elide.
Kude kube niniiiphaneli zelangayokugqibela?
Uninzi lweepaneli zelanga zokuhlala zisebenza iminyaka engekho ngaphantsi kwe-25 ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukuthotywa kakhulu.Nasemva kweminyaka engama-25, iiphaneli zakho kufuneka zibe zikhupha amandla kwi-80% yomlinganiselo wazo wokuqala.Ke ngoko, iiphaneli zakho zelanga ziya kuqhubeka nokuguqula ukukhanya kube ngamandla elanga, ziya kuncipha ukusebenza kakuhle ekuhambeni kwexesha.Akunakwenzeka ukuba iphaneli yelanga iyeke ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, kodwa qaphela ukuba ukuthotywa kwexabiso kudla ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukutshintshwa.Ukongeza kwi-degradation yokusebenza kwexesha, kukho ezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweepaneli zelanga.Undoqo kukuba, okukhona iiphaneli zakho zelanga zivelisa umbane ngokufanelekileyo, kokukhona wonga imali eninzi.
Inkunkuma ye-Photovoltaic - ukujonga amanani
Ngokuka-Sam Vanderhoof we-Recycle PV Solar, i-10% yeephaneli zelanga zihlaziywa ngoku, kwaye i-90% iya kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma.Eli nani kulindeleke ukuba lifikelele kwi-equilibrium njengoko icandelo lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kwiphaneli yesola lisenza umtsi omtsha wobuchwepheshe.Nanga amanani ekufuneka uwaqwalasele:
Amazwe angama-5 aphezulu kulindeleke ukuba enze iitoni ezimalunga nezigidi ezingama-78 zenkunkuma yelanga ngo-2050.
Ukurisayikilisha iiphaneli zesola kubiza phakathi kwe-$15 kunye ne-$45
Ukulahlwa kweepaneli zelanga kwiindawo zokulahla ezingenabungozi kubiza phantse i-$1
Iindleko zokulahla inkunkuma enobungozi kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma malunga ne-5 yeedola
Izixhobo eziphinda zisetyenziswe kwiiphaneli zelanga zinokuxabisa malunga nezigidi ezingama-450 zeedola ngo-2030
Ngo-2050, ixabiso lazo zonke izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zingadlula i-15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga kuyaqhubeka kukhula, kwaye akukho kude ukuba onke amakhaya amatsha aya kuxhotyiswa ngeepaneli zelanga kwixesha elizayo elikude.Ukurisayikilishwa kwezinto ezixabisekileyo, kubandakanywa isilivere kunye nesilicon, ukusuka kwiiphaneli zelanga kufuna izisombululo ezilungelelanisiweyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwiphaneli yelanga.Ukusilela ekuphuhliseni ezi zisombululo, kukhatshwa nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa ukwamkelwa kwazo okuxhaphakileyo, ngunozala wentlekele.
Ngaba iiphaneli zesola zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe?
Iiphaneli zelanga zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe okanye ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Izinto ezinje ngeglasi kunye neentsimbi ezithile zenza malunga nama-80% obunzima bephaneli yelanga kwaye kulula ukusetyenzwa kwakhona.Ngokukwanjalo, iipolymers kunye nezinto ze-elektroniki kwiiphaneli zelanga zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Kodwa ubunyani bokurisayikilisha kwepaneli yelanga kunobunzima kunokuba bahlukane kwaye baphinde basebenzise izinto zabo.Iinkqubo zokurisayikilisha ezisetyenziswayo ngoku azisebenzi kakuhle.Oku kuthetha ukuba iindleko zokurisayikilishwa kwezinto zisenokuba phezulu kuneendleko zokwenziwa kweephaneli ezintsha.
Iinkxalabo malunga nemixube enzima yemathiriyeli
Phantse i-95% yeepaneli zelanga ezithengiswayo namhlanje zenziwe kwi-silicon ye-crystalline, kunye neeseli ze-photovoltaic zenziwe kwi-silicon semiconductors.Ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane neempawu zeminyaka.Iiphaneli zelanga zenziwe ngeeseli ze-photovoltaic ezidibeneyo ezifakwe kwiplastiki kwaye zifakwe phakathi kweglasi kunye ne-backsheet.Iphaneli eqhelekileyo inesakhelo sesinyithi (ngokuqhelekileyo i-aluminium) kunye nocingo lobhedu lwangaphandle.Iiphaneli ze-crystalline silicon zenziwe ngokuyintloko ngeglasi, kodwa zikwabandakanya isilicon, ubhedu, umkhondo wemali yesilivere, i-tin, ilothe, iplastiki kunye ne-aluminiyam.Ngelixa iinkampani zesolar panel recycling zikwazi ukwahlula isakhelo se-aluminiyam kunye nocingo lwangaphandle lobhedu, iiseli ze-photovoltaic zifakwe kwiileya kunye neengqimba zeplastiki ye-ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) emva koko idityaniswe kwiglasi.Ke ngoko, iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo ziyafuneka ukubuyisela isilivere, i-silicon ephezulu-yobunyulu kunye nobhedu kwii-wafers.
Indlela yokuhlaziya iiphaneli zelanga?
Ukuba uyazibuza ukuba ziphinda zisetyenziswe njani iiphaneli zelanga, kukho indlela yokuhamba ngayo.Iplastiki, iglasi kunye nesinyithi - iibhloko ezisisiseko zokwakha iipaneli zelanga - zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngabanye, kodwa ngaphakathi kwepaneli yelanga esebenzayo, ezi zixhobo zidibanisa ukwenza imveliso enye.Owona mceli mngeni ke ngoko ulele ekwahluleni amacandelo ukuze asetyenziswe kwakhona ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa kukwajongwana neeseli ze-silicon ezifuna iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Nokuba luhlobo luni na lwephaneli, iibhokisi zesiphambuka, iintambo kunye neefreyimu kufuneka zisuswe kuqala.Iiphaneli ezenziwe nge-silicon zidla ngokutyunyuzwa okanye zityunyuziwe, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zahlulwa ngomatshini ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemathiriyeli kwaye emva koko ithunyelwe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Kwezinye iimeko, ukwahlulwa kweekhemikhali okubizwa ngokuba yi-delamination kuyafuneka ukususa iileya ze-polymer kwi-semiconductor kunye nemathiriyeli yeglasi.Izinto ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, i-aluminiyam, i-silicon, iintambo ezigqunyiweyo, iglasi kunye nesilicon zinokwahlulwa ngoomatshini okanye ngokwekhemikhali kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe, kodwa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto zephaneli yelanga ye-CdTe kunzima ngakumbi kunezixhobo ezenziwe ngesilicon kuphela.Ibandakanya ukwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neekhemikhali kulandelwa yimvula yesinyithi.Ezinye iinkqubo zibandakanya ukutshisa iipolymers okanye ukutsalwa ngokwahlukeneyo.Itekhnoloji "yemela eshushu" yahlula iglasi kwiiseli zelanga ngokusika kwiipaneli ngentsimbi ende yentsimbi efudunyezwe ukuya kuma-356 ukuya kuma-392 degrees Fahrenheit.
Ukubaluleka kwemarike yepaneli yelanga yesibini kwisizukulwana sokunciphisa inkunkuma ye-photovoltaic
Iiphaneli zesola ezihlaziyiweyo zithengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi kuneepaneli ezintsha, nto leyo ehamba indlela ende ekunciphiseni inkunkuma yelanga.Ekubeni ubungakanani bezinto ze-semiconductor ezifunekayo kwiibhetri zilinganiselwe, inzuzo ephambili kukuvelisa okuphantsi kunye neendleko zempahla eluhlaza."Iiphaneli ezingaqhawukanga zihlala zinomntu ozimisele ukuzithenga kwaye aphinde azisebenzise kwindawo ethile emhlabeni," kuchaza uJay Granat, umnini weJay's Energy Equipment.Iipaneli zelanga zesizukulwana sesibini ziyimarike ekhangayo malunga nokunciphisa inkunkuma ye-photovoltaic kwiipaneli zelanga ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo njengeepaneli ezintsha zelanga ngexabiso elifanelekileyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Eyona nto iphambili kukuba xa kufikwa kwi-solar panel recycling, ayisiyonto ilula kwaye zininzi izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo.Kodwa loo nto ayithethi ukuba singakuhoya ukugaywa kwakhona kwe-PV kwaye sibavumele ukuba bachithe inkunkuma kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.Kufuneka sibe nobungane ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe iipaneli zelanga ngenxa yezizathu zokuzingca, ukuba akukho sizathu sesinye.Ekuhambeni kwexesha, siya kukhathalela impilo yethu ngokuphatha inkqubo yepaneli yelanga ngokunyaniseka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-07-2024